Plumbago Or Graphite Contains In Spite Of Its Name No Lead Being

: ON THE NEUTRAL, BLACK.

simply a species of carbon or charcoal. In most specimens iron is

present, varying in quantity from a mere trace up to five per cent,

together with silica and alumina. Sometimes manganese and titanic acid

are likewise found. It is curious that carbon should occur in two

distinct and very dissimilar forms--as diamond, and as graphite; one,

white, hard, and transparent; the other, black, soft, and opaque: the

artist, the
efore, who uses a pigment of plumbago, paints with nothing

more or less than a black diamond. The best graphite, the finest and

most valuable for pencils, is yielded by the mine of Borrowdale, at the

west end of Derwent Lake, in Cumberland, where it was first wrought

during the reign of Elizabeth. A kind of irregular vein traverses the

ancient slate-beds of that district, furnishing the carbon of an

iron-grey colour, metallic lustre, and soft and greasy to the touch.

Universally employed in the form of crayons, &c. in sketching,

designing, and drawing, until of late years it was not acknowledged as a

pigment: yet its powers in this respect claim a place for it. As a

water-colour, levigated in gum in the usual manner, it may be

effectively used with rapidity and freedom in the shading and finishing

of pencil drawings, or as a substitute therein for Indian ink. Even in

oil it may be employed occasionally, as it possesses remarkably the

property of covering, forms very pure grey, dries quickly, injures no

colour chemically, and endures for ever. These qualities render it the

most eligible black for adding to white in minute quantity to preserve

the neutrality of its tint.



Although plumbago has usurped the name of Black Lead, there is another

substance more properly entitled to this appellation, and which may be

used in the same way, and with like effects as a pigment. This substance

is the sulphide of lead, found native in the beautiful lead ore, or

Galena, of Derbyshire. An artificial sulphide can be prepared by dry and

wet processes, which is subject to gradual oxidation on exposure to the

air, and consequent conversion into grey or white. Neither variety can

be compared to graphite for permanence, although the native is

preferable to the artificial.



Plumbago, or the so-called Black Lead, is often adulterated to an

enormous extent with lamp black.



TTITLE BLUE BLACK,



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